TOPAZ : YELLOW

• A. sapphire : red
• B. amethyst : purple
• C. diamond : carat
• D. jeweler : clarity
• E. amber : blue

MORBID : UNFAVORABLE

• A. reputable:favorable
• B. disputatious:favorable
• C. lax:favorable
• D. maternal:unfavorable
• E. vigilant:unfavorable

Quantitative data such as blood pressure, cholesterol level, and body weight are useful objective
indicators of physical health. Yet, quantitative measurement and logic (i)_______ when it comes to
determining the extent of a person's physical well-being. Levels of physical discomfort and pain, the most
reliable indicators of physical well-being, cannot be quantified; (ii)_______, our emotional state and
psychological well-being, which can have a profound impact on our physical health, defy objective
measurement altogether.

• A. are of little use
• B. perhaps equally significant
• C. hardly suffice
• D. can prove misleading
• E. not surprisingly
• F. on the other hand

A certain strain of bacteria called lyngbya majuscula, an ancient ancestor of modern-day algae, is making
a comeback in ocean waters just off the world's most industrialized coastal regions. This primitive bacteria
has survived for nearly three billion years due to a variety of survival mechanisms. It can produce its own
fertilizer by pulling nitrogen out of the air; it relies on a different spectrum of light than algae do, allowing it
to thrive even in deep, murky waters; and when it dies and decays, it releases its own nitrogen and
phosphorous, on which the next generation of lyngbya feeds. Lyngbya emits more than one hundred
different toxins harmful to other ocean life as well as to humans. Commercial fishermen and divers who
come in contact with the bacteria frequently complain of skin rashes and respiratory problems, which can
keep these workers off the job for months at a time. The bacteria further disrupts local economies by
blocking sunlight to sea grasses that attract fish and other sea life. Scientists attribute the modern-day
reappearance of lyngbya, and the resulting problems, chiefly to nitrogen- and phosphorous-rich sewage
partially processed at wastewater treatment plants and pumped into rivers that feed coastal ocean waters.
The passage as a whole can appropriately be viewed as an examination of which of the following?

• A. The causes and consequences of the re-emergence of lyngbya
• B. The ecological fallout resulting from coastal sewage runoff
• C. The survival mechanisms and life cycle of lyngbya
• D. The economic impact of lyngbya on certain coastal communities
• E. The possible means of halting and reversing the spread of lyngbya

The heart of the restorationist critique of environmental preservationism is the claim that it rests on an
unhealthy dualism that conceives nature and humankind as radically distinct and opposed to each other.
The crucial question about the restorationist outlook has to do with the degree to which the restorationist
program is itself faithful to its first principle- that nature and humanity are fundamentally united rather than
separate. Rejecting the old domination model, which sees humans as over nature, restoration theory
champions a model of community participation. Yet some of the descriptions of what restorationists are
actually up to-for example, Turner's description of humans as "the lords of creation," or Jordan's
statement that "the fate and well being of the biosphere depend ultimately on us and our relationship with
it"-do not cohere well with the community-participation model. Another holistic model-namely, that of
nature as an organism-might be more serviceable to the restorationists. As with the community model,
the "organic" model pictures nature as a system of interconnected parts. A fundamental difference,
however, is that in an organism the parts are wholly subservient to the life of the organism.
Which of the following best expresses the function of the first paragraph in relation to the second one?

• A. To identify a problem with a school of thought, which is then explored in detail
• B. To establish the parameters of an ensuing debate
• C. To provide an historical backdrop for a discussion of a modern-day issue
• D. To discuss a secondary issue as a prelude to a more detailed examination of a primary issue
• E. To introduce opposing viewpoints, which are then evaluated